黄连解毒颗粒对靶动物鸡的安全性试验

为了评价黄连解毒颗粒对靶动物鸡的安全性,将80只黄羽肉鸡随机分为四组,每组20只。分别添加1、3和5倍推荐剂量(3g /L、9g /L、15g /L) 的黄连解毒颗粒,连续饮水给药7天,同时设置空白对照组。试验期间观察记录各组鸡的精神、饮食、粪便情况与试验前后的体重变化,测定给药前、给药第7天及停药后第7天各组鸡的血液生理生化指标,同时在停药第7天进行剖检,测定脏器指数,观察病理及组织学变化。结果显示,黄连解毒颗粒各剂量组鸡的临床体征均正常。与空白对照组相比,给药第7天及停药第7天各给药剂量组血液生化指标,仅丙氨酸转氨酶显著降低(P＜0.05),血常规指标变化在正常范围内,1倍剂量组胸腺指数显著升高(P＜0.05),其他各项指标均无显著性变化(P＞0.05)。解剖5倍剂量组,肉眼及组织学观察心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、法氏囊均未发生病变。结果表明,黄连解毒颗粒在5倍(15g/L)剂量范围内使用是安全的。     

吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的残留与膳食风险评估

为评价马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留引发的膳食风险。2016年-2018年开展了3年12地规范残留试验,构建吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的残留检测方法,并对我国一般人群进行了膳食风险评估。马铃薯样品使用2%乙酸乙腈提取,C18净化,外标法定量,UPLC-MS/MS检测。在0.01～1 mg/kg添加水平下,吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的平均回收率为75%～85%,相对标准偏差为3%～8%。12地最终残留试验表明,50%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂按有效成分225 g/hm²施药2次,最后1次施药后14、21 d马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留量分别≤0.018 mg/kg和≤0.012 mg/kg。膳食风险评估表明,吡蚜酮的国家估算每日摄入量(NEDI)为1.633 9 mg/kg,风险商(RQ)为86.4%。马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留不会对一般人群健康造成不可接受的风险。     

肝毒净颗粒的质量控制研究

对栀子和黄芩进行薄层色谱鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定肝毒净颗粒中绿原酸含量.色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液（8∶ 92）,检测波长为324.5 nm.绿原酸在0.161 6～1.292 8 mg范围内,峰面积与其呈良好线性关系（r= 0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.19% （n=6）,RSD=1.26%.本方法可用于控制肝毒净颗粒的质量.     

Exploring Patterns of Exotic Earthworm Distribution in a Temperate Hardwood Forest in South-Central New York, USA

Exotic earthworms invading forests in Canada and northeastern United States that were naturally devoid of large detritivores cause major changes in ecosystem function. To assess their long-term impacts, studies are needed to elucidate the factors that control the patterns of earthworm invasion at the landscape level. We analyzed the distribution patterns of exotic earthworms in a northern hardwood forest in south-central New York (USA), as explained by landscape variables thought to be important in determining earthworm distribution. Forest type, slope angle, elevation, and the distance to agricultural clearings and wet refugia were significant predictors of earthworm presence, whereas local wetness index and the distance to streams and roads were not. Forest type and distance to agricultural clearings were the two most significant predictors. Our data suggest that areas close to agricultural clearings, dominated by mixed hardwoods, and located towards valley bottoms or on gentle slopes are very likely to support communities of exotic earthworms. Steeper slopes, areas dominated by American beech or eastern hemlock, and locations in the core of extensive forest landscapes have lower probabilities of invasion by exotic earthworms. When applied to a nearby area, our statistical model correctly predicted earthworm presence for 67% of 377 sampling points. Most of the mistakes were incorrect predictions of earthworm absence, suggesting that our statistical model slightly underestimated earthworm presence, possibly because of the pervasive influence of active agricultural fields adjacent to the test site.     

Disseminated lymphoma with large granular lymphocyte morphology diagnosed in a horse via abdominal fluid and transtracheal wash cytology

A 22‐year‐old Tennessee Walking Horse mare was presented to the Auburn University Large Animal Teaching Hospital with a 3‐day history of lethargy, anorexia, and mild signs of colic. The mare had a several‐month history of weight loss and refractory cough. Physical examination revealed an increased respiratory rate, and crackles and wheezes were heard on thoracic auscultation. Thoracic ultrasonographic examination showed disseminated, minor, bilateral comet tail‐like lesions on the parietal pleural surfaces. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination was unremarkable. Trans‐rectal palpation revealed a firm small colon impaction with concomitant diarrhea. Laboratory data were characterized by a very pronounced acute inflammatory leukogram with severe neutropenia and significant left shift, evidence of hepatocellular damage/necrosis, cholestasis, and possibly mixed metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. On cytologic evaluation of a peritoneal fluid sample, there were many large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Large numbers of LGL were also observed on cytologic examination of a subsequent transtracheal wash. The final cytologic interpretation was disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology. Due to worsening of the clinical signs and poor prognosis, the mare was euthanized. On necropsy and in histopathologic examination, disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology was noted in a mesenteric lymph node, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, and right dorsal colon. Lymphoma with LGL morphology is rarely diagnosed in the horse. This report provides unique cytologic findings of a case of disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology in a horse, confirmed with histopathologic evaluation.     

正交试验优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺

为优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺,以可溶性淀粉用量、乙醇浓度、阿司帕坦用量为考察因素,以制粒难易程度、外观、粒度、溶化性、口感及其综合评分为指标,采用L9（34）正交试验优选成型工艺。最佳成型工艺是可溶性淀粉用量为70%,乙醇浓度为75%,阿司帕坦用量为0.50%,测得临界相对湿度为65%。     

杀单·毒死蜱在粤糖60号配套栽培中的防虫效应研究

为明确5%杀单·毒死蜱在粤糖60号配套栽培上的总体防虫效应、速效性、持效期等,为其在粤糖60号大田生产上配套应用提供科学依据。以粤糖60号为供试甘蔗品种,设5%杀单·毒死蜱药剂处理,与常规农药3%呋喃丹及空白对照处理进行比较,采用沟施、撒施覆土方法进行杀单·毒死蜱防治粤糖60号易遭受的害虫药效试验。结果表明,在本试验条件下,各处理间的枯心率、虫节率、蔗茎产量、含糖量差异极显著或显著。在粤糖60号种植时和大培土时每667m2各施用低毒农药5%杀单·毒死蜱6kg,对甘蔗螟虫、绵蚜虫、蓟马和地下害虫金龟子等具有良好的防治效果,能减少品种遭受虫蛀茎为害,有效提高甘蔗蔗糖分,对粤糖60号增产、增糖具有明显的促进作用。建议在粤糖60号配套栽培中注意因虫选药、科学合理用药,尤其是螟虫、绵蚜虫、蓟马、金龟子等为害严重的地块种植该品种推荐配套使用5%杀单·毒死蜱进行防治,以达到增产、增糖和增收的目的。     

Response of SOD Activity of Earthworm to Soil Plumbum Pollution

该研究采用人工土壤试验法,检测在不同 Pb 浓度土壤中赤子爱胜蚓（ Eisenia fetida）SOD 酶活性变化。结果表明,染毒第5天时,受到低浓度 Pb胁迫的蚯蚓体内 SOD活性降低,而受到高浓度 Pb胁迫的蚯蚓体内SOD 活性不同程度的升高。染毒第15天时,蚯蚓体内 SOD活性随土壤中 Pb浓度的增大而升高。     

蚯蚓堆肥前后对污泥肥力和小白菜种子发芽情况的影响

[目的]主要研究蚯蚓堆肥前后对污泥肥力和小白菜种子发芽情况的影响。[方法]利用蚯蚓堆肥处理污泥,通过测定堆肥前后污泥全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、有效钾的变化,研究蚯蚓堆肥对污泥肥力的影响;利用堆肥处理后的污泥培养小白菜种子,通过测定发芽势、发芽指数和发芽率,研究堆肥后污泥肥力变化对其发芽率的影响。[结果]A1～A5(A2除外)试验组全氮下降幅度分别为27%、26%、21%和18%;A2组中全磷增加最大,为实验前的1.6倍;A2组中有效钾含量上升了20%;A5组中发芽率最低。[结论]蚯蚓堆肥提高了污泥中有效氮含量和全氮含量,而全磷含量、有效磷含量出现不同程度的增加,全磷增量大于有效磷,全钾和有效钾含量变化小;土壤中加入辅料对小白菜发芽势和发芽率均有不同程度的改善,发芽指数的变化趋势与发芽率一致。     

Interactions between residue placement and earthworm ecological strategy affect aggregate turnover and N2O dynamics in agricultural soil

Previous laboratory studies using epigeic and anecic earthworms have shown that earthworm activity can considerably increase nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from crop residues in soils. However, the universality of this effect across earthworm functional groups and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether earthworms with an endogeic strategy also affect N₂O emissions; (ii) to quantify possible interactions with epigeic earthworms; and (iii) to link these effects to earthworm-induced differences in selected soil properties. We initiated a 90-day ¹⁵N-tracer mesocosm study with the endogeic earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny) and the epigeic species Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister). ¹⁵N-labeled radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Adagio L.) residue was placed on top or incorporated into the loamy (Fluvaquent) soil. When residue was incorporated, only A. caliginosa significantly (p < 0.01) increased cumulative N₂O emissions from 1350 to 2223 μg N₂O-N kg⁻¹ soil, with a corresponding increase in the turnover rate of macroaggregates. When residue was applied on top, L. rubellus significantly (p < 0.001) increased emissions from 524 to 929 μg N₂O-N kg⁻¹, and a significant (p < 0.05) interaction between the two earthworm species increased emissions to 1397 μg N₂O-N kg⁻¹. These effects coincided with an 84% increase in incorporation of residue ¹⁵N into the microaggregate fraction by A. caliginosa (p = 0.003) and an 85% increase in incorporation into the macroaggregate fraction by L. rubellus (p = 0.018). Cumulative CO₂ fluxes were only significantly increased by earthworm activity (from 473.9 to 593.6 mg CO₂-C kg⁻¹ soil; p = 0.037) in the presence of L. rubellus when residue was applied on top. We conclude that earthworm-induced N₂O emissions reflect earthworm feeding strategies: epigeic earthworms can increase N₂O emissions when residue is applied on top; endogeic earthworms when residue is incorporated into the soil by humans (tillage) or by other earthworm species. The effects of residue placement and earthworm addition are accompanied by changes in aggregate and SOM turnover, possibly controlling carbon, nitrogen and oxygen availability and therefore denitrification. Our results contribute to understanding the important but intricate relations between (functional) soil biodiversity and the soil greenhouse gas balance. Further research should focus on elucidating the links between the observed changes in soil aggregation and controls on denitrification, including the microbial community.